Winter manure application - Protecting water quality on farms

USAgNet - 01/12/2024

As winter approaches, farmers face unique challenges when it comes to applying manure on frozen or snow-covered ground. It's essential to adopt best practices that maximize nutrient use while safeguarding water resources. Here are some key considerations for winter manure application.

Know the Local Regulations: Before you start, familiarize yourself with and adhere to local regulations governing winter manure application. In some areas, like Iowa, there are specific restrictions on when and how you can apply manure during the winter months. Ensure you comply with these regulations to avoid potential penalties.

Permits and Plans: If your farm has a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit or a Natural Resources Conservation Service comprehensive nutrient management plan, check for any winter manure application restrictions. Typically, these documents prohibit winter manure application for all types of manure, both solid and liquid.

Understanding Snow Conditions: Applying manure directly onto snow-covered fields can lead to nutrient runoff when the snow melts. Wait to apply until after snowmelt or consider alternative manure management strategies. Avoid applying on frozen ground, as it inhibits absorption, increasing the risk of runoff.

Thoughtful Land-Use Choices: Assess your land-use choices carefully. Avoid applying manure on steep slopes or poorly drained areas, as these increase the likelihood of runoff. Opt for fields with good water-holding capacity to minimize nutrient loss. Consider planting cover crops to capture excess nutrients and protect the soil from erosion during the winter months.

Protecting Water Quality: Maintain setback distances from water bodies and sensitive areas to prioritize water quality protection. Incorporate manure into the soil soon after application to reduce surface runoff. Use grass or cover crop buffers downslope of manure-applied areas to slow runoff and allow solids to settle before reaching waterways.

By following these best practices for winter manure application, you can enhance nutrient management and contribute to protecting our water resources. Remember to stay informed about the weather forecast and adapt your plans to changing conditions. Responsible manure management is crucial for both your farm's success and the environment's well-being.

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